PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.